As seen below, the spread spectrum radio technology used in 3G systems is abandoned in all 4G candidate systems and replaced by OFDMA multi-carrier transmission and other frequency-domain equalization (FDE) schemes, making it possible to transfer very high bit rates despite extensive multi-path radio propagation (echoes). ДЄs opposed to earlier generations, a 4G system does not support traditional circuit-switched telephony service, but instead relies on all- Internet Protocol (IP) based communication such as IP telephony. (LTE-A) are IMT-Advanced compliant backwards compatible versions of the above two systems, standardized during the spring 2011, and promising speeds in the order of 1 Gbit/s. Mobile WiMAX Release 2 (also known as WirelessMAN-Advanced or IEEE 802.16m) and LTE Advanced On December 6, 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two technologies, as well as other beyond-3G technologies that do not fulfill the IMT-Advanced requirements, could nevertheless be considered '4G', provided they represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced compliant versions and 'a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed'. According to operators, a generation of the network refers to the deployment of a new non-backward-compatible technology. Since the first-release versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit/s peak bit rate, they are not fully IMT-Advanced compliant, but are often branded 4G by service providers. In November 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specification, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s)(=12.5 megabytes per second) for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users). 7 History of 4G and pre-4G technologies.6.5 Open-wireless Architecture and Software-defined radio (SDR).6 Principal technologies in all candidate systems.5.3.3 iBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20) systems.5.1.2 IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced.4G users get speeds of up to 100 Mbps, while 3G only promised a peak speed of 14 Mbps. The 4G wireless cellular standard was defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and specifies the key characteristics of the standard, including transmission technology and data speeds.Д®ach generation of wireless cellular technology has introduced increased bandwidth speeds and network capacity. It has, however, been debated whether first-release versions should be considered 4G LTE. The first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard was commercially deployed in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden in 2009, and has since been deployed throughout most parts of the world. The first-release WIMAX standard was commercially deployed in South Korea in 2006 and has since been deployed in most parts of the world. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television.

A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G, and preceding 5G.

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